Advanced Placement (AP) Chemistry Practice Exam 2025 - Free AP Chemistry Practice Questions and Study Guide

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What phase of chromatography uses a stationary phase designed to attract solutes at different strengths based on polarity?

Paper chromatography

Thin-layer chromatography

Gas chromatography

Column chromatography

Column chromatography employs a stationary phase that interacts with solutes based on their polarity. In this method, a column filled with a solid absorbent, which acts as the stationary phase, is used to separate different components of a mixture. The mobile phase, typically a liquid or gas, flows through the column and transports the mixture.

As the mixture travels through the column, solutes interact with the stationary phase to varying degrees based on their polarity. Polar solutes will be attracted more strongly to the polar stationary phase and will move more slowly through the column compared to less polar solutes, which move quickly. This differential retention leads to the separation of the components based on their polarities, allowing for a clearer distinction and easier identification of the individual substances in the mixture.

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